Attestation Meaning: What Attestation Is, Its Types and When You Need It

Last updated: 12 October 2026 | Attestation & Apostille Specialist,

Pro Attestation | Reading time: 27 minutes

The attestation meaning is simple: attestation is the act of an authorised person or office confirming

that a signature, seal or document is genuine. In everyday Indian usage, "document attestation" means

getting your certificate stamped by the state government, the Ministry of External Affairs (MEA) and

often a foreign embassy, so that another country will trust it.

Most people search for the attestation meaning when a job offer, admission letter or visa checklist

suddenly says "attested copy required". That one word can mean a self-signed photocopy, a gazetted

officer's stamp, a notary's seal or a full government chain. This guide separates these meanings,

explains each type of attestation used for foreign countries, and shows how attestation differs from

notarisation and the apostille.

At Pro Attestation Services, serving clients since 2015 from our office in Malviya Nagar, New Delhi,

we handle attestation and apostille work every working day. The explanations below come from that

practical work, written in plain English so you can decide what your own documents need.

Key Facts About Attestation Meaning

Basic attestation meaning Confirmation by an authorised person or office that a signature, seal or document is genuine

Root of the word Latin "attestari", to bear witness

Signing as a witness to the execution of an instrument, such as a will or a deed

A chain of verifications: state government, MEA, embassy and, for Gulf countries, MOFA

Who does MEA attestation Ministry of External Affairs, Government of India, through outsourced collection agencies

It does not confirm that the content of the document is true; MEA itself says it does not take

responsibility for the contents

When an apostille replaces

When the destination country is a member of the 1961 Hague Apostille Convention and has

UAE, Qatar, Kuwait, Malaysia, Ethiopia and other non-Hague countries

Time taken A few working days at MEA; the state stage varies from a few working days to a few weeks.

What Is the Attestation Meaning in Simple Words?

Attestation means "bearing witness". When an authority attests something, it puts its own name,

seal and signature behind a statement that a document, a signature or an event is genuine. The

authority becomes a witness on paper, and anyone who later relies on the document can trust that

Think of a cricket match where the umpire signs the scorecard. The umpire does not play, but the

signature tells everyone that the score was recorded properly. Attestation works the same way. The

officer who attests your degree certificate did not study for it, but the stamp tells a foreign employer

that the certificate came from a real university and that the person who signed it really holds that post.

So the attestation meaning always has three parts, whatever the document or country:

Someone with authority (a witness, an officer, a ministry or an embassy).

Something being confirmed (a signature, a seal, a copy or a whole document).

A visible mark of confirmation (a signature, a rubber stamp, a sticker or a digital entry).

If any one of these three parts is missing, what you have is not an attestation in the proper sense. A

photocopy with no signature, or a stamp from someone who has no authority over that document, will

not satisfy a foreign office.

same root gives us "testify", "testimony" and "testament". This history explains why the attestation

meaning in English is so closely tied to witnessing.

In daily English, the verb "attest" is used more loosely. A newspaper may write that "the crowded

markets attest to the festival mood". Here "attest" simply means "show" or "prove". In offices, banks

and courts, however, the word is used strictly. It means a formal confirmation by a person who has the

In Hindi and other Indian languages, people often use "satyapan" (verification) or "pramanit karna"

(to certify) for attestation. These words are close, but in visa and immigration work you will almost

always see the English word on forms and checklists. Knowing the precise attestation meaning helps

you read those checklists correctly and avoid getting the wrong stamp.

What Is the Attestation Meaning in Indian Law?

In Indian law, attestation usually refers to a witness signing a legal instrument to confirm that they

saw the executant sign it. The Transfer of Property Act, 1882 defines "attested" in this sense, and the

Indian Succession Act, 1925 requires a will to be attested by two or more witnesses.

This legal attestation meaning is narrower than the everyday one. The attesting witness does not

certify that the will is fair or that the property belongs to the testator. The witness only confirms the act

of signing: "I saw this person put this signature here, of their own free will." That is why wills, gift deeds

and some agreements carry a "Witnesses" block at the bottom with two names and addresses.

You will see the same idea in many government forms. When a form asks for an "attesting officer", it

wants a named official to witness or confirm a fact, such as your identity or your photograph. The

officer's signature, name, designation and office seal together make the attestation. A signature without

a seal and designation is usually rejected.

Self-Attestation, Officer Attestation and Document Attestation:

The same word is used for three very different jobs in India. Mixing them up is the most common

reason students and job seekers bring the wrong papers. Here is a quick way to tell them apart.

Self-Attestation

Self-attestation means you sign your own photocopy and write "self-attested" or "true copy" on it.

You are confirming that the copy matches your original. Many Indian government departments and

colleges now accept self-attested copies for routine applications, with the original shown at verification.

Self-attestation has no value for foreign use, because you cannot be a witness for yourself in front of

Attestation by a Gazetted Officer or Notary

Some Indian forms ask for a copy "attested by a gazetted officer" or a notary. Here a third person,

holding a recognised post, signs and stamps the photocopy after seeing the original. This is stronger

than self-attestation, but it is still a domestic confirmation. A notary's seal alone does not make a

document valid in Dubai or Doha. For some documents, notarisation is only the first link in a longer

Document Attestation for Foreign Use

This is what most people mean when they search for the attestation meaning in the context of jobs

and visas abroad. It is a chain of official verifications: the state government, then the MEA, then the

embassy of the destination country, and for Gulf countries the foreign ministry there. Each office

confirms the signature and seal of the office before it. By the end, a foreign authority can trust a

document issued in a small district in India.

Type Who attests Used for Valid abroad on its own?

Self-attestation You Indian admissions, jobs, routine

Indian forms; first step for some

Visas, jobs, studies and business

Yes, once the full chain required

by that country is complete

Apostille MEA (single certificate) Hague Convention countries

that accept Indian apostilles

What Does Document Attestation Mean in India for Use Abroad?

Document attestation in India means a step-by-step legalisation of an Indian document so that a

foreign government accepts it. It starts at the state level, moves to the Ministry of External Affairs, and

then to the embassy of the destination country. For the UAE, Qatar and Kuwait, the final step is that

country's Ministry of Foreign Affairs.

Why so many steps? A Kuwaiti official has no way to know whether the Registrar of a university in

Bihar or Kerala really signed your degree. But the Kuwait Embassy in New Delhi knows the MEA's

signatures and seals. The MEA, in turn, relies on the signatures of designated officers in the state

governments. Each office vouches for the one before it. In short, attestation builds a bridge of trust

from the office that issued your document to the country that will use it.

One point surprises many people. Attestation confirms the origin of the document, not its truth. The

MEA's own consular pages state that the Ministry does not take responsibility for the contents of the

documents it legalises. If a degree is fake, an attestation stamp will not make it real, and verification at

the state or university stage is designed to catch such cases.

What Are the Types of Attestation?

There are four main types of attestation for foreign use: state-level attestation (HRD, Home

Department, SDM or Chamber of Commerce), MEA attestation, embassy attestation and MOFA

attestation. Which types you need depends on the document category and the destination country.

Some documents also need a notary or a university verification first.

State-Level Attestation

The state is the first government stop for most documents. The department depends on what the

Educational documents (degree, diploma, marksheets, school certificates) go to the state HRD or

Education Department. Some states require university verification first. In Maharashtra, educational

documents are attested at the Mantralaya. In Kerala, HRD attestation of educational certificates is

done through Norka Roots, which has centres in Thiruvananthapuram, Ernakulam and Kozhikode.

Personal documents (birth, marriage and death certificates, affidavits, police clearance from the

state police) go to the state Home Department, the General Administration Department (GAD) or

the SDM. In Delhi, this is the SDM. Kerala personal documents get Home Department attestation

Commercial documents (certificate of incorporation, invoices, certificates of origin, board

resolutions) are attested by a Chamber of Commerce.

This is the first place where the attestation meaning differs by document. A common myth is that

educational certificates also need Home Department attestation. They do not. Educational certificates

follow the HRD route, while personal certificates follow the Home Department route.

Internal link → anchor "HRD or Education Department" → https://proattestation.com/services/hrd-attestation-services |

anchor "state Home Department" → https://proattestation.com/services/home-department-attestation

MEA Attestation

In terms of the attestation meaning, MEA attestation is the central government step. The Ministry of

External Affairs checks the state signature or chamber seal against its records and adds its own stamp.

Since July 2012, the MEA has outsourced the collection and delivery of documents to authorised

agencies, so individuals do not hand documents directly to the Ministry's counter. Besides New Delhi,

the MEA has Branch Secretariats in Hyderabad, Chennai, Kolkata and Guwahati.

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A Passport Office PCC (from Passport Seva or a PSK) is a central document, so it can go straight to

MEA. A police clearance issued by the state or district police needs state verification first.

Embassy Attestation

After MEA, the document goes to the embassy or consulate of the destination country in India. The

embassy checks the MEA stamp and adds its own attestation. Each embassy has its own rules about

which documents it accepts, whether a translation is needed and whether the applicant must apply in

person or through an agency. Requirements can change, so we confirm the current process before

Internal link → anchor "embassy or consulate of the destination country" →

https://proattestation.com/services/embassy-attestation-services

MOFA Attestation

For the UAE, Qatar and Kuwait, the chain ends in the destination country at its Ministry of Foreign

Affairs (MOFA). For the UAE, the MOFA's own FAQ says that attestation is now provided electronically

through its website and app, with login through UAE PASS, and that its Customer Happiness Centres are

closed. Because the step is electronic, it is usually completed once the document is in the UAE, often by

the applicant or the sponsoring employer.

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How Does the Attestation Process Work Step by Step?

The attestation process moves your original document from the issuing office to the destination

country through a fixed order of offices. For a non-Hague country, the usual order is: notary (where

needed), state verification, MEA attestation, embassy attestation and, for Gulf countries, MOFA. You

cannot skip or reorder these steps.

This is where the attestation meaning becomes practical. Here is the full chain as it usually works for

an Indian document going to the UAE, Qatar or Kuwait:

1. Check the document. Confirm that it is the final, official version: a registrar-issued birth

certificate, a degree (not a provisional certificate, unless the employer accepts it), or a registered

2. Notarise, where needed. Affidavits, powers of attorney and some copies need a notary first.

Original degrees and registrar certificates usually do not.

3. Get state verification. HRD or Education Department for educational documents, Home

Department, GAD or SDM for personal documents, and a Chamber of Commerce for commercial

4. Get MEA attestation. Submitted through the outsourced collection agencies, not at a public

5. Get embassy attestation. At the embassy or consulate of the destination country in India.

6. Complete MOFA attestation. For the UAE, this is the electronic MOFA step completed in the UAE.

Notary (if needed) Notary public Identity of the signer and the signing of an

State verification HRD / Home Department / GAD / SDM / Chamber of

Signature of the issuing official or institution

MEA attestation Ministry of External Affairs Signature and seal of the designated state officer

Embassy or consulate of the destination country MEA signature and stamp

MOFA attestation Foreign ministry of the destination country (UAE,

Timelines are indicative. The MEA stage usually takes a few working days. The state stage varies

widely, from a few working days in some states to a few weeks in others, especially where university

verification is required first.

Attestation vs Notarisation vs Apostille: What Is the Difference?

Notarisation is a domestic confirmation by a notary public. Attestation is a chain of government

verifications for countries outside the Hague Convention. An apostille is a single MEA certificate that

replaces that chain for Hague Convention countries that accept Indian apostilles. All three confirm

signatures, but they are accepted in very different places.

The confusion is understandable, because all three involve a stamp and a signature. The attestation

meaning, the notarisation meaning and the apostille attestation meaning overlap in everyday speech,

but not in law. The difference lies in who gives the confirmation and who will accept it.

Feature Notarisation Attestation (for foreign use) Apostille

Who does it Notary public State department, MEA, embassy, MOFA MEA only, after state verification

Legal basis Notaries Act, 1952

Practice of legalisation between countries Hague Apostille Convention, 5

Non-Hague countries such as the UAE,

Qatar, Kuwait, Malaysia and Ethiopia

Hague member countries that

One Several (one per office) One MEA sticker after the state

Typical form Seal and signature Stamps and stickers from each office Square, computer-generated

sticker with a unique number

Germany is a special case. Germany objected to India's accession to the Convention in 2005 and has

not withdrawn that objection, so an Indian apostille has no effect there. German authorities follow their

own verification process for Indian documents. China is another exception: India objected to China's

accession, so documents for China still need MEA attestation followed by legalisation at the Chinese

Embassy or Consulate in India.

If you want a deeper comparison table, read our separate guide on the difference between apostille

and attestation, which focuses only on choosing the right route.

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Apostille Attestation Meaning: Why People Join the Two Words

The phrase "apostille attestation" is a common Indian shorthand for an apostille issued by the MEA.

Strictly speaking, the apostille attestation meaning is "the MEA apostille process", which still includes

state verification first. It is not a combination of both procedures; you get either an apostille or embassy

attestation, depending on the country.

You will see "apostille attestation" on agency websites, in WhatsApp groups and even on some

university notices. People join the words because, for years, every document going abroad needed

"attestation", and the apostille arrived later as a simpler kind of attestation. The phrase stuck.

Here is the practical apostille attestation meaning in three lines:

Your document first gets state verification (HRD, Home Department, SDM or Chamber of

The MEA then issues one apostille sticker on the document.

No embassy or MOFA step follows, because the destination is a Hague Convention country.

This is why the apostille attestation meaning is easy to misread. So if a university in France, a

hospital in Australia or an employer in Saudi Arabia asks for "apostille attestation", they want the MEA

apostille. If a company in Dubai asks for "attestation", they want the full chain ending with the UAE

MOFA. Understanding the apostille attestation meaning prevents you from paying for the wrong

Who Needs Document Attestation?

The attestation meaning matters to more people than you might expect. Anyone using an Indian

document in a foreign country that is not a Hague member, or in a country that does not recognise

Indian apostilles, needs document attestation. This includes job seekers, students, families on

dependent visas, businesses and NRIs dealing with property or inheritance back home.

In our experience, these are the groups who most often ask us about the attestation meaning for

Professionals moving to the Gulf. Engineers, nurses, teachers and accountants need attested

degrees for employment visas and licensing in the UAE, Qatar and Kuwait.

Families joining a spouse abroad. Marriage certificates for spouse visas and birth certificates

for children's residence visas and school admission.

Students. Degrees, marksheets and transcripts for higher studies; the route depends on whether

the university's country is in the Hague Convention.

Businesses. Certificates of incorporation, board resolutions, powers of attorney and export

documents for opening branches, signing contracts or registering with a foreign authority.

NRIs. Powers of attorney, affidavits and death certificates for property matters and claims, often in

Which Documents Need Attestation?

Almost any public document issued in India can be attested for foreign use, if it carries a verifiable

signature of an Indian authority. Documents are grouped into three categories: educational, personal

and commercial. The category decides the state office that verifies it first.

Category Common documents First state stop

Educational Degree, diploma, marksheets, transcripts, Class 10 and 12

certificates, transfer or leaving certificate

State HRD or Education Department

(university verification first where

Personal Birth, marriage, death and divorce certificates, single status

certificate, affidavit, police clearance (state or district)

State Home Department, GAD or SDM

Passport Office PCC Goes directly to MEA

Commercial Certificate of incorporation, memorandum and articles, invoice,

certificate of origin, power of attorney for companies, board

Whatever the category, the attestation meaning stays the same: an Indian authority confirms the

signature on the document so that the next office can rely on it. Some documents cannot be attested as

they are. A hospital discharge note about a birth is not the official birth certificate; the registrar's

certificate is. A religious marriage certificate from a temple or church may not be accepted for

attestation in some states; a registrar's marriage certificate is the safest document. A photocopy cannot

be attested by the MEA, which attests original documents or properly certified true copies.

Attestation Meaning in Practice: Five Everyday Situations

The attestation meaning becomes clearer when you see it applied. The five situations below are

typical of the requests we handle. They are general examples, not stories of specific clients, and each

one shows how the destination and the document together decide the route.

A Nursing Graduate Taking a Job in Kuwait

Kuwait is not a Hague Convention member. The nursing degree and marksheets need university

verification where the state requires it, state HRD attestation, MEA attestation and then Kuwait

Embassy attestation in New Delhi, followed by the Kuwaiti MOFA step. The health licensing authority

may ask for additional documents, so the checklist from the employer matters.

A Couple Applying for a UAE Family Visa

The husband works in Dubai and wants to sponsor his wife. Their registrar-issued marriage certificate

goes to the state Home Department or SDM, then MEA, then the UAE Embassy in India, and finally the

electronic UAE MOFA step. If the names on the passports and the certificate do not match, the

attestation will not fix that. The mismatch has to be corrected first, sometimes with an affidavit or a

A Student Going to Canada

Canada joined the Apostille Convention with effect from 11 January 2024. The student's degree

therefore needs state verification and an MEA apostille, not embassy attestation. Here the apostille

attestation meaning applies: one MEA sticker replaces the old embassy chain.

A Company Opening a Branch in Qatar

The certificate of incorporation, board resolution and power of attorney are commercial documents.

They go to a Chamber of Commerce, then MEA, then the Qatar Embassy, and then the Qatari Ministry

of Foreign Affairs. A notarised power of attorney may also need the notary's signature verified first. We

confirm the current Qatar Embassy rules before starting, because requirements can change.

A Family Settling an Estate Abroad

A death certificate issued in Delhi is needed for a bank claim in a foreign country. If that country is in

the Hague Convention and accepts Indian apostilles, the certificate needs SDM verification and an MEA

apostille. If it is a non-Hague country, it needs the full attestation chain. The same document can follow

two different routes depending on where it is going.

How Long Does Attestation Take and What Does It Cost?

Attestation time depends on the state, the document type and the destination country. As a guide,

the MEA stage usually takes a few working days, while the state stage varies from a few working days

to a few weeks. Embassy timelines differ by country. Timelines are indicative and can change during

Time Taken at Each Stage

Time is where the attestation meaning becomes very real for most families, because a visa date is

usually fixed. The slowest part is usually not the MEA. In our experience, the most common reason for

delay is the state or university stage: a university that must first confirm the degree in its records, a

state department with a backlog, or a document that is sent back because a name or date does not

You can save time by doing three things before you start:

Collect the final original documents, not provisional ones.

Compare every spelling against your passport.

Ask the employer or university exactly which documents they want attested and for which country.

For a stage-by-stage breakdown of the central step, see our guide on MEA attestation processing

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policy we do not publish fee figures. Our team shares the exact total after discussing your documents,

the state that issued them and the destination country.

The factors that affect the total include:

Number of documents. Each document is attested separately at each office.

Document category. Educational, personal and commercial documents follow different state

Issuing state. Some states require university verification or extra steps before HRD attestation.

Destination country. Each embassy sets its own fee, and Gulf countries add the MOFA step.

Route. Apostille for Hague countries usually involves fewer offices than the full attestation chain.

Pickup and delivery. Doorstep pickup in Delhi NCR or courier pickup from other parts of India.

Be careful with any offer that sounds far cheaper than the official steps would allow. In our

experience, unusually low quotes often lead to missing stages, unofficial stamps or long delays.

Common Mistakes People Make About the Attestation Meaning

Most mistakes come from treating every "attestation" as the same thing and ignoring the exact

attestation meaning in the checklist. A self-attested photocopy, a notary stamp, an MEA apostille and

full embassy attestation each serve a different purpose. Choosing the wrong one wastes time and

These are the mistakes we see most often:

1. Sending a notarised copy instead of the original. Foreign attestation is usually done on the

2. Getting the Home Department stamp on a degree. Educational certificates need HRD

attestation, not Home Department attestation.

3. Asking for an apostille for the UAE. The UAE is not a Hague member and needs the full

4. Asking for embassy attestation for a Hague country. Canada, Poland, Saudi Arabia, Oman

and Bahrain use the MEA apostille.

5. Using a hospital certificate. The official birth certificate is issued by the Registrar of Births and

6. Ignoring name mismatches. A spelling difference between the certificate and the passport can

stop the process at any stage.

7. Laminating documents. Lamination can make it difficult for offices to stamp or paste stickers. We

advise against laminating any document you may need attested.

names, designations and dates. The MEA apostille sticker has a unique number that can be verified

online on the MEA website. For embassy and MOFA stamps, the receiving authority usually checks them

A few simple checks help:

Order of stamps. The state stamp should come before the MEA stamp, and the embassy stamp

Office names. Each stamp should name a real office, such as the Home Department of the state or

the Ministry of External Affairs.

Receipts and tracking. A genuine service gives you receipts and updates for each stage.

No shortcuts. Nobody can attest a document at the MEA without the required state verification

A fake stamp may look convincing, but it fails the basic attestation meaning, because no real

authority stands behind it. If someone offers to "skip" the state stage or deliver an embassy stamp in a

few hours, treat that as a warning sign. A fake stamp can lead to visa refusal, job cancellation and even

legal trouble in the destination country.

How Pro Attestation Helps With Document Attestation

Pro Attestation Services helps individuals and companies complete the right attestation or apostille

route for their destination. We check your documents, explain the attestation meaning for your case in

plain words, and manage the stages through the official offices and authorised channels.

Our office is in Malviya Nagar, New Delhi. We offer doorstep pickup in Delhi NCR and courier pickup

across India, so you do not have to travel to state capitals or wait in queues. Before we start, we

confirm the current rules of the destination embassy, because requirements can change. We keep you

updated at each stage and return the documents once the chain is complete.

We do not claim to be a government office. We are a private service provider that prepares, submits

and tracks your documents through the proper channels.

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Frequently Asked Questions About Attestation Meaning

genuine. For foreign use, the attestation meaning extends to a chain of official stamps from the state

government, the MEA and the embassy, so that another country trusts an Indian document it cannot

On visa and immigration forms, however, the English word is used. When an Indian office or an

employer abroad asks for attestation, they mean official confirmation of your document by the

authorities named in their checklist.

document gets state verification first and then one MEA apostille sticker. No embassy or MOFA stamp

follows. People call it "apostille attestation" because the apostille is a simplified form of attestation

affidavits and powers of attorney. Attestation for foreign use involves government offices: the state

department, the MEA and the embassy. A notary stamp alone is not enough for a work visa in the Gulf.

Indian law requires a will to be attested by at least two witnesses. This legal attestation meaning is

about witnessing the act of signing, not about verifying the document for a foreign government.

Many Indian offices accept self-attested copies for routine applications. Self-attestation has no value

abroad, because a foreign authority needs confirmation from an independent Indian government office.

passed state verification. It confirms the signature of the state officer or chamber. Embassies of non-

Hague countries rely on it before adding their own attestation. Collection is handled by outsourced

agencies, not a public counter.

examples for Indians are the UAE, Qatar, Kuwait, Malaysia and Ethiopia. China and Germany are special

cases: documents for China need MEA attestation and Chinese Embassy legalisation, and Germany has

its own verification process for Indian documents.

authorised officer. It does not confirm the contents. The MEA states that it does not take responsibility

for the contents of documents it legalises. Accuracy remains the job of the issuing authority.

days to a few weeks, and some states need university verification first. Embassy times differ by country.

Timelines are indicative, so plan your visa or joining date with some buffer.

pickup in Delhi NCR and courier pickup across India. Your documents travel through the proper state,

MEA and embassy channels, and you receive updates at each stage without travelling yourself.

police clearance certificates, are accepted only for a limited period after issue, and some authorities

want recent documents. Always check the receiving authority's rules before you begin.

what order. It stops you from getting a notary stamp when you need MEA attestation, or embassy

attestation when an apostille is enough. That saves time, money and visa delays.

Get the Right Attestation for Your Documents

Understanding the attestation meaning is the first step; choosing the correct route is the second. If

your destination is outside the Hague Convention, you need the full chain from the state to the MEA,

the embassy and, for Gulf countries, MOFA. If it is a Hague member that accepts Indian apostilles, the

apostille attestation meaning applies, and one MEA sticker does the job after state verification.

Pro Attestation Services has been serving clients since 2015 from Office No. S204, 2nd Floor, Balaji

Building, Property No. 40-A, Corner Market, Malviya Nagar, New Delhi 110017. Share your document list

and destination country with us, and we will explain the route and share the exact total after discussion.

Call or WhatsApp +91 8700770603 or +91 8595563930.

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Sources: Ministry of External Affairs - Consular, Passport and Visa Division, Attestation and Apostille

pages; HCCH Apostille Convention text and status table (June 2026 update); UAE Ministry of Foreign

Affairs - Attestation FAQ; Transfer of Property Act, 1882 (definition of "attested"); Indian Succession Act,

1925 (execution of wills); Notaries Act, 1952